Literature Review

Archives are consistently implementing the digitization process for archived assets as part of the organization's mission and vision to facilitate internet access for future generations. The general practice of digitization offers prospects for the growth of internet accessibility because some of these practices use different techniques, such as book scanners.

Institutions or organizations with high workloads often face management problems, especially with archive documents. Good and clean data storage is important to keep data safe, effective and secure and can increase the profitability of the business (Amalia & Panduwinata, 2022).

The rapid development of science and technology in recent years, on the one hand, benefits the efficiency and convenience of many human activities, and on the other hand, these developments also have an impact, especially on archives. , needs an urgent estimate (Wirasaputradkk, 2022).

Old documents containing valuable historical information and special details are now presented and accessible electronically (Khadjahdkk. 2021).

Every type of organization, large or small, should have a goal to achieve. The purpose of the organization is to ensure efficiency and effectiveness while working for management. Many organizations are not very interested in using technology to do their job. Mail and important documents placed in the room can affect the operations of the institution or institution if not managed properly. In addition, incorrect information management can make it difficult to find information or even lose it (Rozana & Musfikar, 2020).

The concept of global archives has changed from closed buildings to limited open and easily accessible digital archives. By conducting extensive research and extracting the necessary information, the practice of storing information has been replaced by websites, online services and virtual tours. Keeping up with the digital world and opening the doors of archives to the outside world, especially researchers and historians from universities around the world. Thereupon, Punjab Archives decided to collaborate with Punjab Information Technology Board will digitize the records (Chugtai, 2019).

The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, according to Ulyatt (2014), is digitizing millions of papers in multiple formats by producing low-resolution, web-ready JPEG files and making them accessible through online locating services. The Archival Material of American Art scanned 76 collections between 2005 and 2009 for a total of 512 linear feet; new technology bought in 2010 could scan a page in colour in about one second. The National Archives of the United Kingdom has digitized approximately sixty million records using a variety of technologies. For the 1911 Survey, five automated scanners operated nonstop to generate over 40,000 images each day. In five days, the images were electronically transported to the Philippines, where they were transcribed and returned with full quality assurance.

Bultmann et al. (2006) conducted a survey of the digitization efforts in the UK research library and archives industry. According to the research, 51 institutions that participated in it were actively involved in digitization. Access to the collections was rated as the main benefit of digitization. The arts, humanities, and social sciences predominated, with sciences, religion, health, and technology following.

The process of digitization allows for the creation of digital substitutes that can shield originals from damage. Participating in the creation of digital material via digitization may significantly increase professional confidence while also being advantageous to users (McMenemy&Poulter, 2005)

According to the research, the "relevance to the aims and objectives of the organization" criterion is the one that is most frequently used when choosing which materials to digitize, followed by user demand, rarity or uniqueness of the material, and the presence of a coherent collection.

Mat and Kolej (2005) mentioned that the methods of storing, preserving, disseminating, and providing efficient access to users in libraries were revolutionized by digitization. The contribution and preservation of heritage and scientific resources were distinguished by digitization. It provides additional educational possibilities, may be utilized to promote tourism, and enhances citizen access to their heritage.

Alhaji (2007) stated that the respondents identified inadequate funds, lack of technical equipment, lack of knowledge and skills, lack of organizational management, and lack of power as major limitations in the digitalisation of tests and documents, as well as in the state. Papers. Thirty Nigerian Universities admitted that the respondents admitted to the survey that inadequate funding, lack of technical equipment, lack of knowledge and skills, lack of policies and digitalization of past examinations were not strong enough to be a significant stop. Thirty Nigerian Universities accepted their national certifications.

According to Rafiq and Ameen (2013), university libraries around the world are launching digitization projects to convert their knowledge resources from analogue to digital formats and provide electronic access. They evaluated the capacities of Pakistani university libraries to launch, complete, and sustain digitization projects, as regarded by university library administration and senior library professionals. They discovered that the study's respondents had a mixed opinion of libraries' digitalization skills.

Jaswal (2016) provided a thorough examination of the digitization process, its issues, challenges, and constraints, highlighting how libraries and documentary heritage in Pakistan are being neglected and threatened with extinction as a result of environmental, economic, and political conditions, as well as human threats such as terrorism. She provided some practical ideas and solutions to overcome the challenges and bottlenecks of digitization work in an environment where archival digitization is not a typical practice.

Numerous studies have been conducted on various elements of archives, not just in Pakistan but all throughout the world, like Ahmad's (2008) investigation into the topic of library and archive records.

The scarcity of information in the country or the government's digitalization efforts is a good study in the literature review. There is no study that can tell us about the current practices regarding the digitization process in Punjabi archives and/or whether they are ready to launch these services to meet the needs of users in the evolving digital age. There is an urgent need for research to better understand the local area and develop local programmes.